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一、x~2测验的意义与公式 x是希腊字母,汉语拼音读如Kai。 x~2测验是用来检验事件的实际观测次数与理论次数之差的显著性。例如掷一枚硬币n次(设n的数值较大,且为偶数),则出现正面或反面的次数,在理论上应各为(1/2)n次。但实际出现的次数与理论上的次数常有出入,故应采用统计方法,测定实际次数与理论次数的差异究竟是由于机会所造成的,还是由于其他原因(如硬币本身的厚薄不均匀,或成份不纯等)所造成的。根据统计假设测验的原则,如果差异是由于机会所造成的,则实际与理论基本符合,差异不显著;如果差异是由于其他原因所造成的,则实际与理论不符合,差异显著。求x~2的公式为:
First, x ~ 2 test meaning and formula x is the Greek alphabet, Pinyin read as Kai. The x ~ 2 test is used to test the significance of the difference between the actual number of observations and the number of theoretical tests. For example, throwing a coin n times (n set the value of larger, and even), then the number of positive or negative, in theory, should each (1/2) n times. However, the actual number of occurrences is often different from the number of theoretical ones. Therefore, a statistical method should be adopted to determine whether the difference between the actual number and the theoretical number is due to chance or due to other reasons (such as uneven thickness of the coin itself or Impure composition, etc.) caused. According to the principle of statistical hypothesis test, if the difference is caused by opportunity, the actual accord with the theory basically, the difference is not significant; if the difference is caused by other reasons, the actual and theory do not conform, the difference is significant. Find the formula for x ~ 2: