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加尔布雷思认为,20世纪50年代末的美国正在告别贫困时代,进入“丰裕社会”。与此相应,以解决贫困问题为己任的经济学“传统智慧”已经过时,须依据需要体系升级对社会结构转型的要求,建立起私人生产与公共生产、物质生产与精神生产相平衡的新制度经济学。目前中国的人均GDP正在接近当时美国的水平,中国经济学亦面临类似问题。但中美两国制度环境不同,加尔布雷思的设想在资本主义制度下必然落败,在社会主义制度下却有可能实现。这就要求我们超越加尔布雷思的“平衡”经济学,为中国的需要体系生产以及制度结构创新,建立起“全面生产”的转型经济学。
Galbraith believes that the United States of the late 1950s is bid farewell to the era of poverty, into the “rich society.” Correspondingly, the “wisdom of traditional wisdom” that takes poverty problem as its mission is outdated. It is necessary to establish a balance between private production and public production, and between material production and spiritual production, in accordance with the requirement of upgrading the system for social structure. New Institutional Economics. At present, China’s GDP per capita is approaching that of the United States at that time, and China’s economy is facing similar problems. However, due to the different institutional environments between China and the United States, Galbraith’s vision is bound to fall under the capitalist system and is likely to be realized under the socialist system. This requires us to go beyond the “balanced” economics of Galbraith, to create the system of needs for China’s demand and institutional innovation, and establish a “transitional economics” of “full production.”