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八十多年来(1903—1989),美国的医生供给政策几经变化。二次大战前,美国医学会对此项政策有很大影响。二次大战后,随着医学的发展和国内情况的变化,要求增加医生的呼声日益高涨,终于导致联邦政府的参与,拨款扩大医学教育,以增加医生数量。在七十年代中期,发现有医生过剩的危险,反对拨款声又起。作者指出,过去对医生供需问题的研究方法有问题,医生数量的多少与医疗保健质量的好坏并无直接联系。现在,美国基本上回到了由市场调节医生供需的轨道。
For more than eighty years (1903-1989), the doctor supply policy in the United States has changed several times. Before the Second World War, the American Medical Association had a great influence on this policy. After the Second World War, with the development of medicine and the change of domestic conditions, the call for increased doctors was growing louder. It finally led to the participation of the federal government and allocated funds to expand medical education to increase the number of doctors. In the mid-1970s, there was a danger of overdoing doctors and opposition to the appropriations started again. The author points out that in the past there was a problem with the research methods for doctors’ supply and demand, and there was no direct relationship between the number of doctors and the quality of medical care. Now, the United States basically returned to the market to regulate the supply and demand of doctors on the track.