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去年3——5月间,北京农业大学土化系下放各地的三、四年级同学和部分教师两百余人,先后参加了全国性的土壤普查工作。在各级党委领导下,用了近两个月的时间,完成了河南、河北、山西、新疆和北京等五省市46个县(区)的普查任务。详查平原耕地面积达八千多万亩,普查山地面积两亿四千多万亩;发动农民群众两万四千余人,其中有四千多人已初步掌握了野外看土、画图等土壤调查技术,八百余人学会了土壤养分化验技术。普查中还分别为各管理区、公社和县繪制了不同比例尺的土壤图幅,包括土壤图、肥力等级图、深耕改土图、合理种植图(农业区划图),有些地区根据生产需要还编绘了一些特殊图幅,例如草炭蕴藏量分布图、潜水位分布图、土壤侵蚀图等,和书写了各公社、县土壤志和管理区的土壤说明图表等,这些成果已经或正在被生产单位用于指导生产实际。
From March to May last year, more than two hundred third and fourth grade students and some teachers from various departments of the Department of Localization of Agriculture of Beijing Agricultural University were decentralized. They participated in the national soil census successively. Under the leadership of party committees at all levels, it took nearly two months to complete the census task of 46 counties (districts) in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Xinjiang and Beijing. A detailed survey of the plain area of more than 80 million hectares of arable land, census of more than 240 million hectares of mountainous area; mobilized more than 24,000 peasant masses, of which more than 4,000 people have preliminary mastered the field to see soil, Survey technology, more than 800 people learned soil nutrient testing techniques. In the census, plots of soil with different scales were drawn for management areas, communes and counties, including soil maps, fertility levels maps, plow maps and rational planting maps (agricultural zoning maps), and some areas were also compiled according to production needs Some special maps have been painted, such as distribution of peat reserves, distribution maps of submerged water levels, soil erosion maps, etc., and soil explanatory plots of communes and county soil records and management areas, etc., which have been or are being used by production units To guide the actual production.