The effects of Na on the growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films using low-temperature evaporation process

来源 :OptoelectronicsLetters | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:haliluluya
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) absorbers were deposited on borosilicate glass substrate using the low-temperature process, and different Na incorporation methods were applied to investigate the effects of Na on the CZTSe growth. Na was dif-fused into some of the absorbers after growth, which led to strongly improved device performance compared with Na-free cells. With the post-deposition treatment, the effect of Na on CZTSe growth was excluded, and most of Na was expected to reside at grain boundaries. The conversion efficiency of the completed device was improved due to the enhancement of open circuit voltage and fill factor. The efficiency of 2.85% was achieved at substrate temperature as low as 420 ℃.
其他文献
采用外场试验进行机载光电搜救设备的训练和系统联调需要消耗大量的人力物力,针对这一问题,基于Vega Prime开发了一款机载光电搜救模拟仿真系统。该系统能够模拟光电搜救设备的所有功能,接收并响应操控手柄命令,输出PAL格式视频信号。仿真结果表明,该系统对光电搜救设备的研制具有指导意义,可以提高研发质量、缩短研制周期,降低成本。
全光采样实验中选用飞秒光纤激光器作为采样脉冲源, 用性能稳定的976 nm激光器作为抽运光源,利用非线性偏振旋转效应等效可饱和吸收体作为锁模器件,通过调节全光纤在线偏振控制器实现了自由运转被动锁模的掺铒环形腔飞秒光纤激光器,在抽运功率为176 mW时,激光器输出脉冲的重复频率为29.69 MHz,光谱谱宽16.8 nm,输出脉冲的平均功率可达8.1 mW。该激光器简单稳定, 其全光纤环形腔结构更有利于小型化,方便使用。
The hydrogen molecule is made from the first and lightest element in the periodic table. When hydrogen gas is either compressed or cooled, it forms the simplest molecular solid. This solid exhibits many interesting and fundamental physical phenomena. It i
期刊
Optical trapping techniques are of great interest since they have the advantage of enabling the direct handling of nanoparticles. Among various optical trapping systems, photonic crystal nanobeam cavities have attracted great attention for integrated on-c
报道了一种全光纤结构的线偏振掺镱光纤激光器,采用快慢轴交叉对准的光纤光栅为腔镜,实现了线偏振激光的振荡输出。以975 nm的半导体激光器为抽运源,在抽运功率为50 W时,获得了30.2 W线偏振激光输出,光光转换效率60%,偏振消光比(PER)优于22 dB。研究了输出激光的光谱控制特性,通过对光纤光栅的温度控制,实现了输出激光中心波长和半峰全宽(FWHM)的精确调节。
美帝散迪厄实验室报导了持续期为3~10×10-12秒、峰值脉冲功率为10×1012瓦的结果。这能量足以将金属加热至华氏2千万度。
期刊
分析了光辐射与相对论电子相互作用过程中,光辐射被相对论电子放大的条件。结果表明,只有在满足位相关系和频率关系的条件下,入射辐射才有可能获得较高的净增益。
期刊
A large-scale spatial angle measurement method is proposed based on inertial reference. Common measurement reference is established in inertial space, and the spatial vector coordinates of each measured axis in inertial space are measured by using autocol
期刊
理论上给出了一种计算任意厚度、不同切向石英晶体Maker条纹的方法。通过晶体坐标系和实验室坐标系的对应关系, 计算出X,Y,Z三种切向石英晶体的有效二阶非线性系数, 从而得到它们的Maker条纹。结果表明X切石英晶体为第一类Maker条纹, 而Y切和Z切石英晶体为第二类Maker条纹。实验上使用波长为800 nm的飞秒激光为光源, 分别测量了入射角-60°到60°范围内, 相同厚度三种切向石英晶体的Maker条纹。实验测量和理论计算的Maker条纹结果基本一致。根据实验测量X,Y,Z切石英晶体Maker条
John Brian Pendry爵士,英国帝国理工学院理论固体物理学家,以负折射率研究闻名科学界,首次提出“隐形斗篷”。
期刊