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作者利用《细胞分离染色制片法》对七个春小麦品种不同叶位叶片的叶肉细胞进行分离观察,结果表明:叶肉细胞的环数(或叫分细胞)不仅随叶位的上升呈规律性增加,而且多环细胞的比例也随之增加,乃至旗叶达最高峰。这种结构上的特点,使得在有限的叶肉体积内大大增加细胞内表面面积,以安排更多的叶绿体,从而增加了光合面积,提高了光合速率。由此可见,小麦旗叶对产量形成贡献最大的原因,是由其特殊结构所致。从叶绿素含量、光合速率及维管束数目的测定结果看,也都相应地说明这一结论。因此,在小麦生育后期,采取有效的“养根护叶”措施,延长茎生叶特别是旗叶的功能期,对提高产量无疑是重要的。
The authors observed the mesophyll cells in leaves of seven spring wheat cultivars at different leaf positions by using the method of “Cell Separation Staining”. The results showed that the number of mesophyll cells (or dividing cells) not only increased regularly with the increase of leaf position , But also increased the proportion of polycyclic cells, and even the highest peak of the flag leaf. This structural feature allows for a dramatic increase in intracellular surface area within the limited mesophyll volume to arrange more chloroplasts, thereby increasing photosynthetic area and increasing photosynthetic rate. Thus, the main reason for the contribution of wheat flag leaves to yield formation is due to its special structure. From the determination of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and the number of vascular bundles, we also explain this conclusion. Therefore, it is undoubtedly important to increase the yield during the late growth period of wheat by adopting the effective “leaf-guarding” measures to prolong the functional period of the stem leaves, especially the flag leaf.