Insights into the Ti4+ doping in P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.52Ti0.15O2 for enhanced performance of sodi

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Due to the sodium abundance and availability,sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to meet the worldwide growing demand of electrical energy storage.P2-type sodium transition-metal layer oxides with a high energy density are considered as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.We present here a detailed study of the enhanced rate capability and cyclic stability of the Ti-doped Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode material.The combined analysis of ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy,aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (AB-HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the strong Ti-O bond in the transition metal layers stabilizes the local structure,destroy the Na+-vacancy ordering and arrest the irreversible multiphase transformation that occurs during the intercalation/deintercalation process.Actually,Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.52Ti0.15O2 exhibits a reversible capacity of 89.6 mA h g-1 even at 5 C,an excellent cyclability with 88.78 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.This study provides a better understanding in optimization of the design of high-energy cathode materials based on titanium doped layered oxides for SIBs.
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