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目的调查鄂尔多斯市中心医院医院感染状况,并对感染病原菌的种类分布进行分析,为合理使用抗生素,有效地预防和控制医院感染的发生提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,分别计算出医院感染率、科室和部位、医院感染分布及其科室的抗生素使用情况的统计,根据临床微生物实验室的资料,按菌株数量计算出主要病原菌的构成比。结果医院感染发生率为2.92%,医院感染例次发病率为3.18%。各科室均有医院感染发生,其中烧伤科、神经外科、ICU感染率最高,分别是15.61%、10.11%、9.38%;医院感染部位以呼吸道感染为首,其次是皮肤软组织、泌尿道,构成比分别为41.07%、25.68%、18.12%;60岁以上年龄组和<10岁的年龄组医院感染率相对较高,为6.39%和4.02%。抗生素使用率为71.3%,其中妇产科使用率最高,为96.0%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,但凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌居第一位。结论医院感染率在不同科室的分布不同,以呼吸道感染最常见,抗生素使用率均高于卫生部的要求,而且感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主。
Objective To investigate the hospital infection status of Erdos Central Hospital and to analyze the distribution of infectious pathogens in order to provide basis for rational use of antibiotics and effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods The retrospective survey method was used to calculate the prevalence of nosocomial infection, the distribution of departments and nosocomial infections, and the antibiotic use status of their departments. According to the data of clinical microbiological laboratories, the composition ratio of major pathogens was calculated according to the number of strains. Results The incidence of nosocomial infection was 2.92%. The incidence of nosocomial infections was 3.18%. Nosocomial infections occurred in all departments and departments, among which the infection rate of burn department, neurosurgery and ICU were the highest, accounting for 15.61%, 10.11% and 9.38% respectively; the infection site of the hospital was respiratory tract infection, followed by the skin soft tissue and urinary tract, Were 41.07%, 25.68% and 18.12% respectively. The prevalence rates of hospital infection in the age group of over 60 and the age of <10 were relatively high at 6.39% and 4.02%, respectively. The rate of antibiotic use was 71.3%, with the highest utilization rate of gynecology and obstetrics, accounting for 96.0%. Gram-negative bacilli were the main pathogens, but coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the first one. Conclusions The prevalence of nosocomial infection is different in different departments. The most common respiratory infection is antibiotic utilization rate, which is higher than that of the Ministry of Health. The main pathogens are gram-negative bacteria.