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通过分析滴灌下不同施肥量对温室番茄生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,建立高效灌溉施肥管理制度,为设施番茄水肥一体化智能控制提供量化指标。通过小区试验,采用蔬菜冲施肥,设高、中、低、零肥4个施肥水平,F1(花果期N214-P_2O_567-K_2O254 kg/hm~2,收获期N285-P_2O_589-K_2O338 kg/hm~2),F2(花果期N107-P_2O_533-K_2O127 kg/hm~2,收获期N142-P_2O_544-K_2O169 kg/hm~2),F3(花果期N64-P_2O_520-K_2O76 kg/hm~2,收获期N85-P_2O_527-K_2O101 kg/hm~2),F4(不施肥),灌水量相同。结果表明:试验条件下施肥量对番茄叶片数影响不显著,与株高和叶面积正相关,与茎粗成反相关关系;施肥量对秋冬茬番茄单果质量具有负效应,果实产量随着施肥量增加呈现先上升后下降的抛物线趋势;增加施肥量果实硝酸盐含量增加,可溶性糖含量和Vc含量呈现开口向下的抛物线趋势。综合番茄产量及品质性状,滴灌控漏灌溉管理下花果期施肥量N107-P_2O_533-K_2O127 kg/hm~2,收获期施肥量N142-P_2O_544-K_2O169 kg/hm~2可实现秋冬茬番茄节水高产优质高效生产。
By analyzing the effects of different fertilization rates on the growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of tomato in greenhouse, a management system of high efficiency irrigation and fertilization was established to provide quantitative indicators for the integrated control of water and fertilizer. Through plot experiments, the fertilization of vegetables with high, medium, low and zero fertilization levels, F1 (flowering stage N214-P_2O_567-K_2O254 kg / hm ~ 2, harvest N285-P_2O_589-K_2O338 kg / hm ~ F2, F2 (flowering stage N107-P20533-K20127 kg / hm2, harvest stage N142-P20544-K20616 kg / hm2), F3 (N64-P20520-K20676 kg / N85-P2O527-K2O2O101 kg / hm ~ 2), F4 (no fertilization), the same amount of irrigation. The results showed that the amount of fertilizers had no significant effect on the number of tomato leaves under the experimental conditions, but positively correlated with plant height and leaf area and inversely correlated with the stem diameter. Fertilization had a negative effect on the quality of single autumn and winter tomato fruits, The increase of the amount showed the first parabola trend of increasing and then decreasing. The nitrate content of the fruit increased with the increase of fertilizers, and the parabola trend of the soluble sugar content and Vc content turned downward. According to the yield and quality traits of tomato, the fertilizer N107-P_2O_533-K_2O127 kg / hm ~ 2 and the fertilizer N142-P_2O_544-K_2O169 kg / hm ~ 2 under the control of drip irrigation under leaking and controlled irrigation can realize the water saving High yield high quality and efficient production.