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目的了解新疆和田农牧区维吾尔族初中生膳食营养状况。方法采用24 h膳食回顾法对学生的膳食状况进行调查,按照《学校卫生情况年报表技术规范》的要求,测量所调查学生的身高和体重。结果所调查学生平均每天摄入的谷薯类(567.9 g)、水果(460.5 g)、畜肉类(100.2 g)食物偏高,摄入的蔬菜(248.6 g)、蛋类(30.0 g)偏低,鱼虾类(6.8 g)食物严重不足,食盐(18.0 g)摄入量明显超标;所调查学生蛋白质摄入量偏高,维生素A、B2、钙、碘、铁摄入量偏低;所调查学生身高、体重平均值低于全国水平,女生营养不良检出率(15.03%)高于男生(8.51%),而男生超重(9.79%)和肥胖(2.55%)检出率高于女生(5.78%,1.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论和田农牧区维吾尔族初中生膳食构成不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,营养不良人数仍占一定比例,这一现象应引起各方重视,及时提出改善方案。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of Uygur junior middle school students in Hetian, Inner Mongolia. Methods A 24-hour diet review was conducted to investigate the dietary status of students. The height and weight of the students surveyed were measured according to the requirements of the Technical Specifications for School Health Annual Report. Results The average daily intake of cereals (567.9 g), fruits (460.5 g), meat (100.2 g), high intake of vegetables (248.6 g) and low levels of eggs (30.0 g) (6.8 g), the intake of salt (18.0 g) was obviously exceeded. The intake of protein in the surveyed students was high, and the intake of vitamin A, B2, calcium, iodine and iron was low. The average height and weight of the students were lower than the national level. The prevalence of malnutrition in girls was 15.03% higher than that of boys (8.51%), while that of boys (9.79%) and obesity (2.55%) was higher than that of girls 5.78%, 1.15%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The Uyghur junior middle school students in Wada farming and pasturing area are not reasonable dietary composition, imbalance of nutrient intake and the number of malnutrition still account for a certain proportion. This phenomenon should be paid attention by all parties and put forward the improvement plan in time.