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目的了解巢湖市尘肺病现状,为制定尘肺防治对策提供依据。方法对全市范围内1949年10月1日至2003年12月31日已经诊断的所有尘肺病例进行调查,并进行系统分析。结果全市累积尘肺病例458例,累积死亡184例,现患病例274例,其中Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期分别占54.38%、31.02%、14.60%。以累积病例计,54.15%分布在庐江县,化工石油系统占工业系统总数的51.31%,矽肺占病种构成的84.50%。凿岩工、采矿工是主要有尘肺危害工种,累积病例分别占总数的41.05%、20.31%。平均肺结核合并率28.67%。Ⅰ期尘肺平均发病工龄、发病年龄分别为19.94年、51.44岁。Ⅰ期晋升Ⅱ期、Ⅱ期晋升Ⅲ期晋期率分别为27.58%、13.76%,平均晋期年限分别为6.93年、7.41年。尘肺累积病死率40.17%,平均死亡年龄为60.06岁,肺结核占尘肺死亡病例全死因构成的25.54%。结论巢湖市各县区都有尘肺发生,主要分布在庐江县。矽肺是主要病种。肺结核是尘肺最常见的并发症和死因,应注意肺结核的发现和治疗。应进一步加强防尘、降尘措施和职业健康监护工作。
Objective To understand the current status of pneumoconiosis in Chaohu City and provide evidence for the development of pneumoconiosis prevention and control measures. Methods All pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed in the city from October 1, 1949 to December 31, 2003 were investigated and systematically analyzed. Results A total of 458 cases of pneumoconiosis were accumulated in the city, including 184 cases of cumulative pneumoconiosis and 274 cases of current pneumoconiosis. Among them, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ accounted for 54.38%, 31.02% and 14.60% respectively. In terms of accumulated cases, 54.15% were distributed in Lujiang County, accounting for 51.31% of the total number of industrial systems and 84.5% of silicosis. Rock drillers, miners are mainly pneumoconiosis workers, cumulative cases accounted for 41.05%, 20.31% of the total. The average rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was 28.67%. Stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis average length of service, the age of onset were 19.94 years, 51.44 years old. The rates of stage Ⅰ promotion, stage Ⅱ promotion and stage Ⅲ promotion were 27.58% and 13.76%, respectively. The average years of promotion were 6.93 and 7.11 years respectively. The cumulative fatality rate of pneumoconiosis was 40.17%, the average age of death was 60.06 years, and tuberculosis accounted for 25.54% of the total death causes of pneumoconiosis. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis occurs in all counties and districts in Chaohu City, mainly in Lujiang County. Silicosis is the major disease. Tuberculosis is the most common complication and cause of death of pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis should pay attention to the discovery and treatment. Should further strengthen the dust, dust control measures and occupational health monitoring.