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目的分析珠海市西部地区狂犬病暴露流行病学特征,为预防控制狂犬病疫情提供科学依据。方法对2008-2009年珠海市西部地区各级各类医疗机构狂犬病暴露监测门诊的监测数据进行统计分析。结果珠海市西部地区狂犬病暴露曲线呈单峰分布,峰值出现在每年的6-10月。男性暴露数多于女性,0～年龄组的暴露人数占30.1%。从暴露方式来看,下肢暴露占52.0%,有一处伤口占94.1%,伤口程度为浅表的占97.1%,伤口分级为Ⅱ类的占80.1%。伤人动物中,家犬占82.4%。暴露后进行伤口处理的占96.6%,超过2h以上处理的占55.1%,能在暴露后24h内注射疫苗的占70.2%。结论珠海市西部地区的狂犬病暴露人数呈现上升的趋势,农村男性青少年是今后狂犬病防制的重点人群,暴露后伤口处理和狂犬病疫苗接种的及时性不高。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposure in the western part of Zhuhai and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies epidemic. Methods The surveillance data of rabies exposure monitoring clinics of various medical institutions at all levels in Zhuhai from 2008 to 2009 were statistically analyzed. Results The epidemic curve of rabies in western Zhuhai showed a unimodal distribution with the peak value appearing in June-October of each year. Men exposed more than women, 0 ~ age group exposure accounted for 30.1%. In terms of exposure, lower extremity exposure accounted for 52.0%, with 94.1% of wounds, 97.1% of those with superficial wounds, and 80.1% of patients with stage II wounds. Wounding animals, domestic dogs accounted for 82.4%. After exposure to wound treatment accounted for 96.6%, more than 2h treatment accounted for 55.1%, 24 hours after exposure to vaccination accounted for 70.2%. Conclusions The number of rabies exposure in the western part of Zhuhai City is on the rise. Rural male adolescents are the key population in future rabies control. The timeliness of wound treatment and rabies vaccination after exposure is low.