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目的探讨吸烟与粉尘对煤矿工人肺功能的影响。方法选择187名煤矿接尘工人(接尘组)和102名非接尘人员(对照组)进行影响因素问卷调查和第1秒肺呼气量(FEV1)测定。结果接尘组FEV1影响最大的为接尘时间(标准回归系数为0.2598,OR=2.666,95%可信区间1.450~4.901),其次为年龄、吸烟、体重指数(BMI)。对照组有影响的为年龄和吸烟。在引入工龄与年龄、吸烟与接触的交互作用项后,各因素中年龄和吸烟对FEV1影响较大(OR分别为2.437、2.365)。一直吸烟组FEV1与不吸烟组比较,明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但曾经吸烟组FEV1与不吸烟组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。控制年龄和接触因素后,吸烟对FEV1有影响(P=0.001);按吸烟时间和吸烟量进行方差分析,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。吸烟与接尘的交互作用对FEV1有影响,并且大于单独效应。结论吸烟量及吸烟与粉尘接触的联合作用可影响肺通气功能。
Objective To investigate the effects of smoking and dust on lung function of coal miners. Methods A total of 187 mine dust collectors (dust collecting group) and 102 non-exposed dust collectors (control group) were selected for questionnaire survey and 1 st second lung expiratory volume (FEV1) measurement. Results The dust collection group had the greatest impact on dust collection time (standard regression coefficient was 0.2598, OR = 2.666, 95% confidence interval, 1.450-4.901), followed by age, smoking and body mass index (BMI). Control groups affected were age and smoking. After the introduction of the interaction between seniority and age, smoking and exposure, age and smoking of all factors had a significant impact on FEV1 (OR = 2.437 and 2.365 respectively). FEV1 in all smoking groups decreased significantly compared with non-smoking group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference between FEV1 and non-smoking group in smoking group (P> 0.05). After controlling for age and exposure, smoking had an impact on FEV1 (P = 0.001). An analysis of variance by smoking time and smoking volume showed statistically significant differences (P <0.01). The interaction between smoking and dust exposure has an impact on FEV1 and is greater than the effect on the individual. Conclusions The combined effects of smoking levels and exposure to dust and dust can affect lung ventilation.