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随着我国小水电建设的快速发展以及人类环境保护意识的不断增强,盲目地开发小水电对生态环境和景观所产生的负面效应越来越受到人们的关注。作为一种国际公认的清洁可再生能源,小水电资源变得越来越重要。但由于在小水电的开发建设中,人为强烈地扰动和破坏地表及植被,产生大量弃土、弃渣,造成严重的水土流失,甚至引发了地质灾害。本文通过分析小水电开发中由于工程建设而产生的一些水土流失问题及主要侵蚀类型,给出了小水电开发中水土保持的原则、生态工程护坡的方法以及弃渣场和取石(土)场的防治措施。最后,提出了从开发方式和水保措施等方面有效地防止小水电开发中的水土流失的建议。
With the rapid development of small hydropower construction in our country and the increasing awareness of human environmental protection, more and more people are concerned about the negative effects of blind development of small hydropower on the ecological environment and landscape. As an internationally accepted clean and renewable energy resource, the resources of small hydropower have become more and more important. However, due to the intense disturbance and destruction of the surface and vegetation caused by artificial exploitation and exploitation of small hydropower, a large amount of spoil and spoil were generated, causing serious soil erosion and even geological disasters. In this paper, by analyzing the problems of soil and water loss and the main types of erosion caused by project construction in the development of small hydropower, the principles of soil and water conservation in the development of small hydropower, the methods of ecological engineering slope protection and the methods of spoil disposal and quarrying Prevention. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to effectively prevent soil and water loss in the development of small hydropower from the aspects of development mode and water conservation measures.