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1840年的鸦片战争使中国结束了封闭状态，日渐走向世界。欧风美雨的飘打，世界列强的冲击，使古老的中华民族在自己的发展史上第一次受到文明程度高于自己的民族的挑战。挟坚船利炮而来的西方文化与中国固有的文化具有不同的地域性和民族性，并且反映着社会发展的不同阶段，从
The Opium War of 1840 ended China in a closed state and gradually moved toward the world. The winds and waves of Europe, the United States and the world and the impact of the world powers have challenged the ancient Chinese nation for the first time in its history of development with a higher degree of civilization than its own nation. The Western culture and the inherent culture of China that come from the forts and fortunes have different geographical and ethnic characteristics and reflect the different stages of social development.