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目的:建立适合于腭裂手术评价等相关治疗研究的先天性腭裂动物模型。方法:选取10只新西兰母兔（40周龄，4.5~5.0 kg），与同品系雄兔交配后次日视为孕1 d。于孕13~16 d，对10只孕兔每日分别肌肉注射1次1.0 mg地塞米松。于孕31 d对所有孕兔行剖腹产手术得到初生仔兔，统计生产仔兔的存活率及腭裂发生率。将非腭裂仔兔与腭裂仔兔分别以阿拉伯数字编号，按随机数表法选取10只非腭裂仔兔为对照组，10只腭裂仔兔为实验组，均以标准化的管饲喂养方式进行喂养。每5 天对两组仔兔进行体重监测，并持续观察其生理行为状态。分别于1、2、4周龄时进行仔兔外形及口内上颌咬合面拍照观察。按上述编号随机选取两组4周龄仔兔各3只，进行口内上颌不同层面的局部解剖观察，并拍照对比分析。结果:10只孕兔共产下73只幼仔，生产存活率为66%（48/73），存活仔兔中腭裂发生率为60%（29/48）。10只对照组与10只实验组仔兔均可正常存活至少1个月，两组仔兔的体质量增长稳定，对照组出生时及1月龄时体质量［分别为（52.8±6.6）和（359.8±30.4）g］与腭裂组［分别为（49.5±9.1）和（332.0±33.8）g］差异均无统计学意义（n P>0.05），其生理外形方面也无明显差异。实验组的腭裂类型主要表现为完全性腭裂，其裂隙形态及变化趋势具有一定特点。口内上颌局部解剖结果显示，两组仔兔的解剖结构差异主要表现为实验组仔兔腭黏膜形态的改变，软腭肌肉的末端分布变化以及上颌中线处骨性结构发育不良和缺失等。n 结论:本研究以地塞米松诱导成功建立了适宜腭裂治疗研究的新西兰兔先天性腭裂模型。“,”Objective:To develop a new congenital cleft palate model suitable for the evaluation of cleft palate surgery and other related treatments.Methods:Ten New Zealand female rabbits (aged 40 weeks, 4.5-5.0 kg) were selected. The next day after mating with male rabbits of the same strain was regarded as the day 1 of gestation (GD1). Ten pregnant rabbits were enrolled with intramuscular injection 1.0 mg dosage of dexamethasone once a day from GD13 to GD16. The caesarean section was performed to obtain the newborn rabbits on GD31 for each pregnant rabbit. Then the rates of the survival and cleft palate rabbits were calculated. The rabbits were divided into two groups according to the method of random number table (10 non-cleft palate rabbits as the control group and 10 cleft palate rabbits as the experimental group). The body weights and physiological behaviors of the rabbits were evaluated and recorded at the age of 1, 2 and 4 weeks respectively after being fed by using standardized gastric tube feeding method. At 4 weeks old, three rabbits in each group were randomly selected for the observation of local anatomy of different layers of the mouth and upper jaw. The anatomical results were photographed for comparative analysis.Results:In this experiment, 48 infants of 10 pregnant rabbits survived under the condition with a survival rate of 66% (48/73), among which the incidence of cleft palate was 60% (29/48). All the rabbits in the control group and the experimental group were able to survive for at least 1 month with stable weight gain. There was no significant difference in weight (n P>0.05) and physiological appearance between the two groups. In cleft palate group, most of fetuses showed complete cleft palate with significant differences in the anatomical structure of the upper jaw compared with the control group including the changes in the morphology of the palatal mucosa, the terminal distribution of the soft palate muscles, and the dysplasia and absence of bone structures along the mid-maxillary line.n Conclusions:In this study, it was the first time to successfully establish the dexamethasone-induced congenital cleft palate model in New Zealand rabbits for cleft surgical research.