本文从生产力和生产关系的基本原理出发,将比较不同所有制效率的生产力标准具体化为静态的资源配置标准、动态的技术进步标准和维护特定所有制的交易费用标准。根据这些标准比较了私有制和公有制的效率,演绎出公有制高效率假说。然后利用发展中国家、西方发达国家和我国经济运行的统计资料对这一假说进行了计量经济学检验。 This article starts from the basic principles of productivity and production relations, and compares the productivity standards of different ownership systems into static resource allocation standards, dynamic technological progress standards, and maintenance of specific ownership transaction costs standards. According to these standards, the efficiency of private ownership and public ownership was compared, and a high efficiency hypothesis of public ownership was deduced. Then using the statistics of the economic operation of developing countries, western developed countries and our country, this hypothesis was tested by econometrics.