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目的分析2008~2014年安徽省血吸虫病疫情变化趋势,为今后一个阶段血防工作策略制订提供科学依据。方法收集全省51个县(市、区)2008~2014年血吸虫病防治工作年报数据、疫情监测点数据及全省面上防治管理信息资料,进行纵向分析。结果人群血吸虫平均感染率和患病人数呈逐年下降趋势,2014年人群感染率已降至0.24%,较2008年下降了48.2%,病人数下降至16 510人,较2008年下降了55.2%,晚血病人数降至5 804例,较2008年下降了7.52%,2013年以后全省未出现当地感染的急性血吸虫病例;全省耕牛血吸虫平均感染率呈逐年下降趋势,2014年下降至0.18%,较2008年下降了88.8%。全省有螺面积总体呈现缓慢下降趋势,2014年全省钉螺面积下降至27 280hm2,较2008年下降了4.4%,阳性螺面积逐年下降,2013年以后全省未查出阳性螺面积;钉螺复现与新发现情况一度出现上升,2011年后呈逐年下降趋势;钉螺和感染性钉螺密度2009年后呈逐年下降趋势,2014年活螺密度降至0.489 6只/0.11m2,较2008年下降了29.6%。有螺村数、有螺环境数及阳性螺环境数呈逐年下降趋势,尤其是阳性螺环境数下降幅度较大。村级和乡镇级传播控制达标升类工作有序推进。结论安徽省血吸虫病流行得到了有效遏制,血吸虫病疫情降到了历史最低水平。
Objective To analyze the trend of the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province from 2008 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of the strategy for preventing and treating blood diseases in the future. Methods The data of 51 cases of schistosomiasis control in 51 counties (cities and districts) from 2008 to 2014 were collected, and the data of epidemic situation monitoring points and the information of prevention and control on the surface of the province were collected for longitudinal analysis. Results The average infection rate and the number of patients with schistosomiasis decreased year by year. The infection rate in 2014 dropped to 0.24%, down 48.2% from 2008 and the number of patients dropped to 16 510, down 55.2% from 2008, The number of late blood disease dropped to 5 804 cases, a decrease of 7.52% from 2008, and no case of acute schistosomiasis was found in the province after 2013. The average infection rate of schistosomula in the province decreased year by year and dropped to 0.18 in 2014 %, Down 88.8% from 2008. The area of snails in the whole province showed a slow decline overall. In 2014, the area of snails in the province dropped to 27 280 hm 2, down 4.4% from 2008, and the positive snail area decreased year by year. No positive snail area was found in the province after 2013; Presently and newly discovered situation increased at one time and declined year by year after 2011. Oncomelania and infectious snail density showed a declining trend after 2009 and decreased to 0.489 6 /0.11m2 in 2014, down from 2008 29.6%. There is a number of spiral villages, snail environment and the number of positive spiral environment showed a downward trend year by year, especially the positive snail environment decreased significantly. Village-level and township-level communication control standards promoted class work in an orderly manner. Conclusion The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province has been effectively checked, and the epidemic rate of schistosomiasis has dropped to the lowest level in history.