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氟是人体必需的微量元素之一。适量的氟可以促进牙齿和骨骼的钙化,对神经兴奋的传导和酶的代谢都有一定的作用,特别是具有防龋作用。但是,过量的氟也首先表现在儿童牙齿上,发生氟牙症(大黄牙),重者出现氟骨症(腰腿痛、骨骼变形)。自然界中的氟主要通过饮水、食物和空气三个途径进入人体。在我国北方16个省、自治区、直辖市的大多数病区和南方的部分病区部属于饮水型。其患病率及严重程度与饮水中含氟量高低,饮水年限的长短,水中化学成份的组成等因素密切相关。本文主要谈空气型或称空气污染型的地方性氟中毒(不包括工业污染)。这些地区水含氟量并不超过国家标准(0.5～
Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements of the human body. Appropriate amount of fluoride can promote the calcification of the teeth and bones, the conduction of nerve excitability and enzyme metabolism have a certain role, especially with the role of anti-caries. However, excessive fluoride is also first manifested in children’s teeth, the occurrence of dental fluorosis (Rhubarb), severe cases of skeletal fluorosis (low back pain, skeletal deformation). Fluorine in nature mainly enters the human body through drinking water, food and air. Most of the wards in 16 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the north of our country and some ward areas in the south belong to the drinking water type. The prevalence and severity of fluoride in drinking water is high and low, the length of drinking water, the chemical composition of water and other factors are closely related. This article focuses on air or air pollution of endemic fluorosis (excluding industrial pollution). Water fluoride content in these areas does not exceed the national standard (0.5 ~