一、引言体育锻炼对改善人体的健康状况和提高人的工作能力的良好作用，已经普遍为人们所认识。新中国成立以来，党和政府极其关心广大人民群众的身体健康。早在1952年毛主席就号召全国人民：“发展体育运动，增强人民体质。”在国外也有不少国家或企业致力于职工的健康和增强 I. INTRODUCTION The good effect of physical exercise on improving the health status of the human body and improving the working ability of people has been generally recognized by people. Since the founding of new China, the party and government have been extremely concerned about the general health of the general public. As early as 1952, Chairman Mao called on the people of the whole country to “develop sports and enhance the constitution of the people.” Many foreign countries and enterprises are also committed to the health and enhancement of their employees