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麻黄草是生长在荒漠半荒漠喜光照、耐干旱、生长缓慢的药用植物,也是防风固沙的经济作物。麻黄草的人工种植,对于保护野生自然资源,实施我区自然资源的可持续发展,有较大的现实意义。1.麻黄的种类及分布全世界已知麻黄科、麻黄属植物麻黄有67种。按《中国药典》规定草麻黄、中麻黄、木贼麻黄三个品种有药用价值。中麻黄在新疆分布较广,木贼麻黄主要分布于北疆地区的伊犁、塔城、阿勒泰、博州、乌鲁木齐、昌吉、巴里坤等地海拔1500～1800米的砾石质坡地及石缝中。此外,新疆独有的蓝麻黄也有药用价值。草麻黄主产区在内蒙、东三省及河北等地。新疆有近10家麻黄素提成车间,其加工生产的麻黄素占全国产量的60%以胀。
Ephedra is a kind of medicinal plant that grows in the desert semi-desert like light, drought-resistant and slow-growing. It is also a cash crop for windbreak and sand fixation. Artificial planting of ephedra is of great practical significance for the protection of wild natural resources and the sustainable development of natural resources in our region. 1. Ephedra types and distribution Ephedra known in the world, Ephedra Ephedra has 67 species. According to “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” provisions of Ephedra, ephedra, oak three kinds of medicinal value. Ephedra widely distributed in Xinjiang, the genus Ephedra mainly distributed in the northern region of Ili, Tacheng, Altay, Bozhou, Urumqi, Changji, Barkun and other places 1500-1800 meters above sea level gravel slope and stone. In addition, Xinjiang’s unique blue ephedra also has medicinal value. Ephedra main producing areas in Inner Mongolia, the northeast provinces and Hebei and other places. Xinjiang has nearly 10 ephedrine commission, the processing of ephedrine accounts for 60% of national output to expand.