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汉字起源于绘画,索绪尔把它认定为表意体系。他说:“一个词只用一个符号表示,而这个符号却与词赖以构成的声音无关。这个符号和整个词发生关系,因此也就间接地和它所表达的观念发生关系。”① 我们考察几个词,如“日”、“月”、“水”、“木”,甲骨文写作“ ”、“ ”、“ ”、“ ”,可以发现它们的意义来源于指称:画一个符号“象”那个实体,这就是它的意义,不必与语言中的声音相联系。如此看来,索绪尔的观点似乎无可挑剔了。 语言产生于文字之前,这是公认的事实。
Chinese originated in painting, Saussure identified it as the ideographic system. He said: “A word is represented by a symbol that is not related to the sound the word relies on, and that the symbol has a relationship with the whole word and indirectly with the ideas it expresses.” ① We Examining a few words, such as “day”, “month”, “water”, “wood”, oracle writing “”, “”, “”, “”, you can find that their meaning comes from the allegation: That entity, which is its meaning, does not have to be associated with the language of speech. So Saussure’s point of view seems impeccable. It is a well-established fact that language is produced before words.