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利用一个于2005年在中国28个省份进行的综合社会调查数据(CGSS2005),对中国行政纠纷的分布以及中国公民如何有针对性地进行纠纷解决的制度选择进行定量经验研究。研究发现,针对行政纠纷,现阶段中国公民的法律意识并不淡漠。但现实的制约使得一些公民采取司法程序及准司法程序之外的渠道解决此类纠纷。公民对中国行政纠纷解决存在事实上的“双轨”制度需求,即,公民对通过(准)司法渠道和党政渠道解决纠纷有同等程度的需求。此外,不同社会群体对行政纠纷解决渠道的选择偏好也呈现多元性。基于经验研究,对当前的相关研究进行理论和方法论的反思,并呼吁理论研究和制度建设做到真正了解并尊重公民的意愿。
Using a comprehensive social survey data (CGSS2005) conducted in 2005 in 28 provinces of China, this paper conducts a quantitative empirical study of the distribution of administrative disputes in China and how Chinese citizens choose targeted dispute resolution. The study found that for administrative disputes, the legal awareness of Chinese citizens at this stage is not indifferent. However, the realistic constraints have led some citizens to adopt such channels as judicial procedures and quasi-judicial procedures to resolve such disputes. Citizens have de facto “dual track” system needs for settling administrative disputes in China. That is, citizens have the same degree of demand for settling disputes through (quasi-) judicial channels and party and government channels. In addition, the preferences of different social groups in the channels of administrative dispute resolution also show pluralism. Based on empirical research, the author rethinks the theory and methodology of current related research and calls for theoretical research and institution building to truly understand and respect the wishes of citizens.