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目的:探讨模拟实战条件下的动物爆炸冲击性损伤及脊髓爆炸冲击后的病理变化。方法:采用60 kg TNT当量的温压弹在1∶1军舰船舱模型内引爆后,现场尸检分析动物的致死原因,利用组织病理切片技术和透射电子显微镜技术观察脊髓的爆炸冲击损伤的病理特征。结果:爆炸后实验动物大部分死亡,暂时存活的动物也在1 h内死亡;动物的冲击损伤的死亡原因主要是体内重要脏器的挫裂伤;单纯脊髓冲击损伤,可以损伤脊髓内血管而造成脊髓出血、缺血性损伤;病理切片和电镜照片显示:脊髓损伤主要是白质结构的异常,水肿及脱髓鞘改变,以及神经元细胞核浓聚、偏位甚至破裂。结论:爆炸冲击性损伤多由于脏器伤情严重而掩盖了脊髓损伤的表现,脊髓爆炸冲击损伤是战伤中不可忽视的部分。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of animal explosive impact injury and pathological changes after the impact of spinal cord explosion simulated actual combat conditions. Methods: The cause of death was analyzed by on-site autopsy with a 60 kg TNT equivalent pressure bomb in a 1: 1 warship cabin model. The pathological features of the explosive impact injury of the spinal cord were observed by histopathological sectioning and transmission electron microscopy. Results: After the explosion, most of the experimental animals died and the animals that temporarily survived died within 1 h. The causes of the death of the animals’ impact injuries were mainly the contusion and laceration of vital organs in the body. The injury to the spinal cord alone could damage the blood vessels in the spinal cord Resulting in spinal cord hemorrhage, ischemic injury; pathological sections and electron micrographs show: spinal cord injury is mainly white matter structure abnormalities, edema and demyelination changes, as well as neuronal nucleus aggregation, deviation and even rupture. CONCLUSION: Most of the explosive impact injuries mask the performance of spinal cord injury due to severe organ injury. The impact of spinal cord blast injury is an indispensable part of war injury.