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目的研究我国当前生牛乳的蛋白质含量和影响因素。方法分析覆盖17个省(市、自治区)18个乳品企业2014年1月—2015年2月连续12个月共30 531份生牛乳样品蛋白质含量数据,利用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理。结果生牛乳中蛋白质的平均含量为(3.14±0.15)g/100 g,规模化牧场、养殖小区和散户的生牛乳中蛋白质平均含量分别为(3.18±0.14)、(3.07±0.12)和(3.00±0.14)g/100 g,南方、西部、华北、东北内蒙古和大城市周边地区生牛乳蛋白质平均含量分别为(3.17±0.14)、(3.16±0.14)、(3.14±0.17)、(3.09±0.17)和(3.09±0.10)g/100 g,春、夏、秋、冬季生牛乳蛋白质平均含量分别为(3.09±0.13)、(3.07±0.13)、(3.21±0.13)、(3.20±0.14)g/100 g。结论我国生牛乳的蛋白质含量有八成以上达到3.0 g/100 g。养殖模式、养殖区域、季节和月份均会影响生牛乳中的蛋白质含量。乳脂肪、非脂乳固体、相对密度与乳蛋白含量呈正相关。
Objective To study the protein content and influencing factors of current raw milk in China. Methods The data of protein content of 30 531 raw milk samples from 18 dairy enterprises covering 17 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) from January 2014 to February 2015 for 12 consecutive months were analyzed and the data were processed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results The average content of protein in raw milk was (3.14 ± 0.15) g / 100 g, and the average protein content in large-scale pasture, farmed area and retail milk was 3.18 ± 0.14, 3.07 ± 0.12 and 3.00 ± 0.14) g / 100 g. The average protein content of raw milk in the areas around Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and the metropolitan areas in the south, west, north and northeast of China was (3.17 ± 0.14), (3.16 ± 0.14), (3.14 ± 0.17) and (3.09 ± 0.17 (3.09 ± 0.13), (3.21 ± 0.13), (3.20 ± 0.14) g and (3.09 ± 0.10) g / 100 g in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively / 100 g. Conclusion The protein content of raw milk in our country reaches over 80% and reaches 3.0 g / 100 g. Breeding patterns, farmed areas, seasons and months all affect the protein content of raw milk. Milk fat, non-fat milk solids, relative density and milk protein content was positively correlated.