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目的：:调查我国西藏自治区林芝市墨脱县城区中小学生的弱视患病率及其影响因素。方法：:横断面调查研究。在2017年5月对墨脱县城区小学初中的全体学生共833名开展视力普查及基本的眼科检查，包括视力及屈光、眼前段、眼底、眼位等检查，对确诊为弱视的学生进行问卷调查并分析发病原因。应用Fisher's精确检验、卡方检验比较不同性别的弱视患病率差异；用Logistic回归分析年龄、性别对弱视患病率的影响。结果：:墨脱县城区小学和初中共833名学生参与调查，其中弱视患者为22例（31眼），患病率为2.6%。弱视的发病原因包括屈光参差10例，占45%；屈光不正6例，占27%；斜视3例，占14%；形觉剥夺2例，占9%；其他1例，占5%。性别、年龄不是弱视患病率的影响因素。结论：:墨脱城区中小学生弱视患病率较全国水平偏高。屈光参差及屈光不正是引起弱视的主要原因。“,”Objective::To investigate the prevalence of amblyopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Metuo County, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods::This was a cross-sectional survey. In May 2017, a total of 833 students from urban primary and middle schools in Metuo County were surveyed for visual acuity survey and basic eye examinations, including visual acuity, refractive, anterior segment, fundus and eye position examination, etc. A questionnaire was used to survey the students diagnosed with amblyopia and the causes were analyzed. Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results::A total of 833 primary and secondary school students in Motuo county participated in the survey, among whom 22 had amblyopia. The prevalence of amblyopia was 2.6%. And the cause of amblyopia included anisometropia in 10 cases, accounting for 45%; 6 cases of refractive error, accounting for 27%; 3 cases of strabismus occurred in 3 patients, accounting for 14%. There were 2 patients with form deprivation, accounting for 9% and 1 other patient, accounting for 5%. Gender and age were not the influencing factors for the prevalence of amblyopia.Conclusions::The prevalence of amblyopia among primary and secondary school students in Motuocounty is higher than prevalence of whole China. Anisometropia and refractive error are the main causes of amblyopia.