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目的研究乌鲁木齐市中小型煤矿企业煤工尘肺病例的某些人口和职业特征,为该市尘肺病的防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集乌鲁木齐市各诊断机构1994—2013年诊断并确诊的中小型企业中的煤工尘肺病例建立档案。结果 1994—2013年乌鲁木齐市所有中小型煤矿企业中诊断的煤工尘肺617例,占总尘肺病例的41.9%。617例中男性592例(95.9%),女性25例(4.1%);汉族402例(65.2%),维吾尔族207例(33.6%),回族8例(1.3%);尘肺壹期505例(81.9%),贰期88例(14.3%),叁期24例(3.9%);合并肺结核者53例(8.6%);以贰期合并肺结核者最多(17.1%)。工种分布以混合工最多(33.2%),其次是纯采煤工、纯掘进工、主采煤工和主掘进工。不同期别的平均年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=102.092,P<0.05),随着期别的上升,平均年龄呈现增长的趋势;而平均接尘工龄在各期别上的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=6.636,P>0.05)。结论煤工尘肺仍是煤矿工人的主要职业病,应采取综合措施,防治煤工尘肺的发生。
Objective To study some demographic and occupational characteristics of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis cases in small and medium-sized coal mines in Urumqi and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in the city. Methods The files of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis cases in small and medium-sized enterprises diagnosed and diagnosed from 1994 to 2013 in Urumqi diagnostic institutions were collected. Results 617 pneumoconiosis diagnosed among all small and medium-sized coal mines in Urumqi from 1994 to 2013 accounted for 41.9% of the total pneumoconiosis cases. There were 592 (95.9%) males and 25 females (4.1%) of 617 males, 402 (65.2%) Han, 207 (33.6%) Uygurs and 8 81.9%), 88 cases (14.3%) in the second stage, 24 cases (3.9%) in the third period, 53 cases (8.6%) with tuberculosis and the second (17.1%) with tuberculosis in the second stage. The largest number of workers was found in mixes (33.2%), followed by pure coal miners, pure diggers, main coal miners and main diggers. The mean age at different stages showed statistically significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 102.092, P <0.05). With the increase of the stage, the average age showed a trend of increase. However, The difference was not statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 6.636, P> 0.05). Conclusion Coal workers ’pneumoconiosis is still the major occupational disease of coal miners. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.