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一、APUD系统概念 1968年Pearse首先提出APUD系统是一些广泛分布于体内的细胞,它一方面能够摄取胺的前体物质并使其脱羧转变为胺类产物,另一方面又能产生肽类激素,具有内分泌功能。近年来,随着对APUD细胞的胚胎发生学、生理学、生物化学及病理学等的深入研究,所发现的该类细胞种类及产生的肽类产物逐渐增多,对APUD系统的生理功能及其异常也有进一步的了解。二、APUD系统的组成(见表)AP-UD细胞广泛分布于中枢神经系统及周围器官中,主要分布于丘脑、垂体、松果体、胃、肠、胰腺、肺、泌尿生殖道、甲状旁腺、肾上腺體质、交感神经节、皮肤、颈动脉体等部位。截至目前,已发现的APUD细胞共有40余种。其中多数细胞的胚胎来源已经了解,可分为三类,第一类来源于神经嵴,分布在甲状腺、颈动脉体、交感神经节、肾上腺髓质、泌尿生殖道等部位,包括7种细胞。第二类来源于神经外胚层的神经
1. APUD System Concept In 1968, Pearse first proposed that the APUD system is a number of cells that are widely distributed in the body. On the one hand, it can take up the precursor of amines and convert it into an amine product by decarboxylation. On the other hand, it can produce peptide hormones. , with endocrine function. In recent years, with the in-depth study of embryogenesis, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology of APUD cells, the number of such cell types and the number of produced peptides has gradually increased, and the physiological functions and abnormalities of the APUD system have increased. Also have a better understanding. 2. Composition of APUD system (see table) AP-UD cells are widely distributed in the central nervous system and surrounding organs, mainly distributed in thalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, stomach, intestine, pancreas, lung, genitourinary tract, paraderma Gland, adrenal gland, sympathetic ganglion, skin, carotid body and other parts. Up to now, there have been more than 40 kinds of APUD cells found. The embryonic origin of most of these cells has been understood and can be divided into three categories. The first type is derived from neural crest, distributed in the thyroid, carotid body, sympathetic ganglion, adrenal medulla, urogenital tract and other parts, including 7 kinds of cells. The second type of nerves derived from neuroectodermal