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在矿床的氧化作用发育带中,铀、镭、钍等进行放射性蜕变时发生的氡气,是在铀矿山中析出氧气的来源;然而,在非铀的金属矿山中,只要含有星点状的放射性元素,或在接触带有铀的矿化作用,均有析出氧气的可能。根据調查,我国的非铀金属矿山,可能处在氧气危害的约有70余个,约佔全国矿山的20～25％。国家规定的卫生安全标准,允许氧气浓度为1×10~(-7)居里/米~3(即1爱曼)。现在有一部分非铀金属矿山,已有超出标准的記录,如云锡老厂井下平均浓度达10.46爱曼,有些矿山高达几千倍。据調查30个非铀金属矿山的统计,氧气来源以作业区矿岩暴露表面析出氧气为主的有16个矿山;以铀局部富集区或地下水析氧为主的有9个矿山;以采空区析氧为主的有5个矿山。其中21个矿山按规定都要采取防护措施,才能避免氡气的危害。据国外资料,井下氧浓度高,是肺癌发病率高的主要原因之一。我国云锡公司矿山井下职工,据统计每年有70—80人发生肺癌,是值得引起有关领导部門注意的。该公司采取了聚氨脂硬泡密閉和加强通风等防护措施,已取得良好的效果。本期刊登这篇文章,主要是引起非铀金属矿山的注意,对如何检查氧气和采取防护措施作参考。一般說来,放射性並不可怕,只要我们注意了,按照科学规律办事,並积极采取有效防护措施,不幸事故是可以避免的。
Radon gas, which occurs when uranium, radium, thorium and the like undergo radioactive decay in the oxidation zone of the deposit, is a source of oxygen precipitated in uranium mines; however, as long as the non-uranium metal mines contain asteroid Radioactive elements, or in contact with uranium mineralization, are likely to precipitate oxygen. According to the survey, China’s non-uranium metal mines, may be at risk of oxygen about 70, accounting for about 20 to 25% of the country’s mines. The national health and safety standards allow oxygen concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 Curie / meter to 3 (ie 1 amman). Some non-uranium metal mines now have records that exceed the standard. For example, the average downhole concentration of the old factory is up to 10.46 mm, and some mines are several thousand times. According to the survey of 30 non-uranium metal mines, there are 16 mines that are dominated by the oxygen source that deposits oxygen on the exposed surfaces of ore deposits in the operating area; 9 mines are predominantly enriched in uranium or groundwater; Oxygen-based empty area there are five mines. 21 mines are required to take protective measures in order to avoid the dangers of radon. According to foreign data, the high oxygen concentration in the well is one of the major causes of the high incidence of lung cancer. China’s mine tin mine workers, according to statistics, 70-80 people each year lung cancer is worth the attention of the relevant leaders. The company adopted polyurethane foam closed and enhanced ventilation and other protective measures, has achieved good results. This issue of this article, mainly to attract non-uranium metal mine attention, on how to check the oxygen and take protective measures for reference. In general, radioactivity is not terrible. As long as we pay attention, act in accordance with the laws of science and actively take effective protective measures. Unfortunately, accidents can be avoided.