文学研究方法论的变革,是社会变革,观念变革的客观反映。文学方法论变革的迫切要求来自两个方面。一方面,充满改革精神的创作向文学批评提出了新的挑战,另一方面文学理论批评传统模式和旧方法的僵化与落后严重阻碍了理论、批评本身的变革与发展。正如马克思所说:“我们是不断发展论 The reform of the methodology of literary studies is an objective reflection of social changes and conceptual changes. The pressing demands of literary methodology change come from two aspects. On the one hand, the creation full of reform spirit poses new challenges to literary criticism. On the other hand, the rigid and backward traditional literary criticism and old methods have seriously hindered the theory and criticized its own transformation and development. As Marx put it: "We are constantly developing