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目的:探讨长沙市8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血状况及其影响因素。方法:采用病例对照研究,将8月龄规范化血常规检测明确诊断为缺铁性贫血的105例婴儿纳入病例组,按1:4个体匹配,发生1个新病例的同时选取4例同一街道、同一性别按相同标准诊断未发生缺铁性贫血的婴儿作入对照组,收集相关资料,运用χ2检验、条件logistic回归分析婴儿缺铁性贫血发生的影响因素。结果:长沙市8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血发生率为14.7%。8月龄婴儿发生缺铁性贫血的危险因素包括:母亲孕晚期贫血(OR=3.540,95%CI:1.898~6.601)、6月龄内混合喂养(OR=1.682,95%CI:1.099~2.574)、6月龄内人工喂养(OR=4.162,95%CI:1.343~12.896)、6月龄前添加辅食(OR=1.423,95%CI:1.022~1.982)、7月龄及以后添加辅食(OR=4.415,95%CI:2.150~9.064)、8月龄内反复呼吸道感染(OR=2.878,95%CI:1.224~6.764)、8月龄内反复腹泻(OR=3.710,95%CI:1.533~8.980)。结论:长沙市8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血仍有一定的发生率,应改善母亲孕期贫血,提倡科学喂养,鼓励纯母乳喂养至6月龄,并及时合理添加辅食,积极治疗罹患呼吸系统和消化系统疾病的患儿,预防婴儿缺铁性贫血的发生。
Objective: To investigate the status of iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 8 months in Changsha and its influencing factors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in which 105 infants who were diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia by routine blood routine test at 8 months of age were enrolled in the case group. One new case was matched by 1: 4 and 4 cases of the same street were selected. According to the same criteria, infants with no iron deficiency anemia diagnosed as control group were collected and the relevant data were collected. The influencing factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia were analyzed by χ2 test and conditional logistic regression. Results: The incidence of iron deficiency anemia in 8-month-old infants in Changsha was 14.7%. The risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in 8-month-old infants included: maternal third trimester anemia (OR = 3.540,95% CI: 1.898-6.601) and mixed feeding within 6 months (OR = 1.682, 95% CI: 1.099-2.574 (OR = 4.162, 95% CI: 1.343-12.896), supplemented food (OR = 1.423, 95% CI: 1.022-1.982) before 6 months of age, supplemented food at 7 months of age and later OR = 4.415, 95% CI: 2.150-9.064). Repeated respiratory infections (OR = 2.878, 95% CI: 1.224-6.764) in 8 months and repeated diarrhea in 8 months (OR = 3.710, 95% CI: 1.533 ~ 8.980). Conclusion: There is still a certain incidence rate of iron deficiency anemia in 8-month-old infants in Changsha City. It is necessary to improve anemia in mothers during pregnancy, promote scientific feeding, encourage exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months of age, and rationally add complementary food in time to actively treat patients with respiratory system and Digestive diseases in children, to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in infants.