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随着人类基因组计划的完成和功能基因研究的深入,基因诊断已成为分子生物学和生物医学的重要研究领域。DNA生物传感器作为一种利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能对基因片段实现持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测的新方法,近年来发展非常迅速。纳米材料由于具有独特物理化学性质、良好的生物相容性、优越的机械性能及表面易于生物功能化等特点,被广泛应用到生物分析之中。各种各样组成、尺寸、维度及形状的纳米材料如量子点、贵金属纳米材料、碳纳米材料等被可控地修饰上不同的生物分子,用于发展特殊性质的纳米探针,构建DNA生物传感器,实现对DNA片段高灵敏及高特异性的检测。
With the completion of human genome project and the deep research of functional gene, gene diagnosis has become an important research field in molecular biology and biomedicine. DNA biosensors, as a new method that uses nucleic acid base pairing to identify, and can achieve sustained, rapid, sensitive and selective detection of gene segments, have developed rapidly in recent years. Nanomaterials are widely used in bioanalysis due to their unique physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, superior mechanical properties and easy bio-functionalization of the surface. Nanomaterials of various compositions, sizes, dimensions and shapes such as quantum dots, noble metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, etc. are controllably modified with different biomolecules for the development of special properties of nanoprobes, construction of DNA organisms Sensor, to achieve high sensitivity and high specificity of DNA fragments detected.