一、恢复调整阶段的中国轻工业「从全局来说,由于长期的战争和战争还没有结束,并由于缺乏必要的准备条件,中国的经济事业现在还只是处在恢复的阶段」。「事实上,中国的经济恢复将需要三年至五年的时间,然后才能转入有系统的发展」。这是今年国庆节周总理报告中所指出来的。对于轻工业来说,无疑地亦是处在刚开始恢复的阶段。中国轻工业是在帝国主义长期侵略压迫的隙缝中,在封建势力和官僚、买办资本支配下成长起来的,因此在它身上,具有着半殖民地性、半封建性和小商品生产的各种特质。这表现在下面几个特点上: (一)工厂的数量众多,除棉纺织等工业较具规模外,一般都以中小型居多,如全国机制皮革厂只有三○八家,但手工皮革作坊,据不完整的统计,就有三一五八家之多。全国肥皂工业九○三家,职工总数七四二三人,每厂平均只有八名职工。利用简单工具进行手工生产的作坊或家庭工场,在卷烟、火柴、针织、毛巾、地毯、陶瓷、文具、甚至橡胶、制药工业中都普遍的存在。至于手工纺织、手工造纸、榨油、磨粉 I. China’s Light Industry in Resumption of Adjustment Phase “In the overall context, China’s economic work is still only at a recovery stage due to the long-term wars and wars that have not yet ended and the lack of necessary preparation conditions.” “In fact, it will take three to five years for China’s economic recovery before it can move to a systematic development.” This is pointed out in the Premier’s National Day report this year. For the light industry, there is no doubt that it is still in the early stages of recovery. China’s light industry grew up under the long-standing aggressive oppression of imperialism and under the control of feudal forces and bureaucrats and comprador capital. Therefore, it possessed various characteristics of semi-colonialism, semi-feudalism and commodity production. This is manifested in the following characteristics: (1) The large number of factories, except for the relatively large-scale industries such as cotton and cotton, are generally dominated by small and medium-sized ones. For example, there are only 308 in the national mechanism tannery, but handmade leather workshops, According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 3158. There are 903 national soap industries with 74,423 workers and an average of only eight workers per plant. Workshops or home workshops that are hand-made using simple tools are commonplace in cigarettes, matches, knitwear, towels, rugs, ceramics, stationery, and even the rubber and pharmaceutical industries. As for hand-woven, hand-made paper, oil, flour