载人航天运载器通常是由载人航天器和载人航天运输系统两大部分构成的。载人航天器就是装载人员在天上航行之器,其基本功能是为其中的乘员提供必要的生活和工作条件。其中,相对来说体积小些、设备少些、功能差些、执行任务时间短些的被称之为载人飞船,如苏/俄的“东方”号、“上升”号、“联盟”号,美国的“水星”号、“双子星”号、“阿波罗”号飞船等。而把体积大、设备多、功能强、执行任务工作时间长的叫作载人空间站,如苏/俄的“礼炮”号、“和平”号,美国的“自由”号以及由多国合 Manned spacecraft is usually composed of manned spacecraft and manned space transportation system composed of two parts. The manned spacecraft is a device that loads people in the sky and its basic function is to provide the occupants therein with the necessary living and working conditions. Among them, relatively small size, less equipment, less functional, shorter implementation of the mission called manned spacecraft, such as the Soviet / Russian “East”, “rising”, “Union” , The United States “Mercury”, “Gemini”, “Apollo” spacecraft and so on. The large-scale, multi-equipment and strong functions called the long-term manned space station, such as the Soviet / Russian Salute, Peace, the Liberty of the United States,