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在缔结自由贸易协定(FTA)时,大多数缔约方对本方竞争力弱的产业往往采取关税保护措施。在确定需要保护的本方产业时大多数缔约方往往采用贸易竞争度等方法而忽略考虑了缔约双方的市场规模和产品特性。这往往会造成保护失当或达不到预期的保护效果。本文采用空间经济学模型,对市场规模、产品差异化程度与关税保护的效果之间进行模拟分析。通过分析得出:虽然关税能够防止本方产业的流出,但是对市场规模小的缔约方来说效果有限;市场规模小的缔约方无需对产品差异化程度小的产品采取高关税保护措施而只需对产品差异化程度大的产品采取高关税保护措施。
When concluding a free trade agreement (FTA), most parties often adopt tariff protection measures against industries that are less competitive. In determining the nature of the industries to be protected, most Parties often adopt measures such as trade competitiveness and neglect to take into account the market size and product characteristics of both parties. This often results in inadequate or inadequate protection of the protection. This paper uses the space economics model to simulate the effect of market size, product differentiation and tariff protection. The analysis shows that although the tariff can prevent the outflow of the local industries, it has limited effect on the small-scale contracting parties and the small-scale contracting parties do not need to adopt high tariff protection measures for the products with small product differentiation Products requiring a high degree of product differentiation should be protected with high tariffs.