血栓性微血管病(thrombotic microangiopathy, TMA)是一组急性临床病理综合征,其主要特征是微血管病性溶血性贫血、血小板下降以及微血管内血栓形成。肾脏受累时多引起急性肾衰竭。经典的TMA包括溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP),其它还有恶性高血压、硬皮病肾危相、妊娠相关肾病等。尽管病因和发病机制多样,最终均可导致微血管内皮细胞损伤,诱发微血栓形成。 Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a group of acute clinical pathological syndromes whose main features are microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and microvascular thrombosis. Kidney involvement caused more than acute renal failure. Classical TMA includes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), there are other malignant hypertension, scleroderma kidney crisis, pregnancy-related kidney disease. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of diverse, eventually can lead to microvascular endothelial cell damage, induced microthrombus formation.