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渔业生产及相应行政管理是中国依据国际法“有效占领”原则拥有南沙群岛主权的重要历史依据。有效占领是一国根据先占原则拥有领土主权的关键步骤。在偏远或自然环境相对恶劣的地区,有效占领的标准可适当降低,只要占领国行使和展示了与领土情况相适宜的主权行为即可。中国南沙群岛远离大陆,自然环境相对恶劣,自古以来渔业便是南沙开发管理的最主要方式之一。中国南沙渔业发展史不仅证明了中国因航海和渔业开发最早发现了南沙群岛,而且证明了中国因实施渔业行政管理而对南沙群岛及其海域实施了相适宜的管辖行为,有效占领了南沙群岛,拥有南沙主权。
Fishery production and corresponding administration are important historical bases for China to own sovereignty over the Nansha Islands in accordance with the principle of “effective occupation” under international law. Effective occupation is a crucial step in a country’s possession of territorial claims on the basis of preemption. In areas where remoteness or natural environment is relatively harsh, the criteria for effective occupation may be appropriately reduced, provided that the occupying Power exercises and demonstrates sovereign behavior appropriate to the circumstances of the territories. Since the Nansha Islands far away from the mainland, China’s natural environment is relatively poor. Since ancient times, fishery has been one of the most important ways for the development and management of Nansha. The history of the development of China’s Nansha fisheries not only proved that Nansha Islands were the earliest discovered by China for the development of navigation and fisheries, but also proved that China has implemented suitable jurisdiction over the Nansha Islands and its waters due to the implementation of fisheries administration, effectively occupying the Nansha Islands, Nansha sovereignty.