目的 :了解中小学生近视状况 ,为防治中小学生近视提供依据。方法 :对四川大邑县 7～ 18岁 14 873名中小学生进行近视调查 ,并验光配镜。结果 :近视发病率 38 6 % (5 74 8/ 14 873)。近视是中小学阶段视力下降的主要原因 ,基本上随学龄而增长 ,小学 (16 4 % ) <初中 (34 9% ) <高中 (4 8 7% )。男女性别比为 1∶1 1。弱视在近视中占 4 9% (2 87/ 5 74 8) ,占受检总人数 1 9%(2 87/ 14 873)。近视程度与裸眼视力相关 ,但两者间无确切关系。 5 74 8名近视中 ,已配戴眼镜 384 9名 (6 6 9% ) ,未配戴眼镜 1899名 (33 4 % )。结论 :近视是中小学阶段视力下降的主要原因 ,随学龄而增长。科学合理地散瞳验光、配戴眼镜、加强用眼卫生宣传是刻不容缓的社会关注问题。 Objective: To understand the status of primary and secondary students myopia, to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of myopia of primary and middle school students. Methods: A total of 14 873 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Dayi County of Sichuan Province were investigated for myopia and optometry. Results: The incidence of myopia was 38 6% (5 74 8/14 873). Myopia is the primary cause of vision loss in primary and secondary school, which basically increases with school age. Elementary school (16 4%)