二十世纪是俄国历史上的一个转折时期,从无产阶级的解放运动到资产阶级的政治变革,从1905年革命到日俄战争,从第一次世界大战到十月社会主义革命,俄国社会经历了一个又一个剧烈的社会变革,国家前途与民族命运引起俄国作家们深沉的思考。高尔基的现实主义作品《海燕》,《母亲》,《克里姆·萨姆金》在俄国文学发展史上起到划时代的意义,列宁曾赞誉高尔基是“无产阶级艺术最杰出的代表”。 The twentieth century was a turning point in Russian history. From the proletarian liberation movement to the bourgeois political revolution, from the revolution of 1905 to the Russo-Japanese War, from the First World War to the October Socialist Revolution, the social experience of Russia After another dramatic social change, the future of the country and the national destiny caused deep reflections on Russian writers. Gorky’s realist works, “Swallow,” “Mother,” and “Kerim Samkin” played a landmark significance in the history of the development of Russian literature. Lenin praised Gorky for being “the most outstanding representative of the proletarian art.”