各种氮素化肥施入土壤后,都要发生一系列物理、化学和生物学的变化。施入的氨或铵盐一部份可能为土壤矿物结晶格子所捕获而降低了有效性,一部份可能挥发损失,而大部份成为代换性离子吸持在土壤中,它与土壤中的生物发生作用,除被作物吸收外,部份被土壤微生物同化而被称为生物固定作用,部份为硝化细菌利用为能源而被转化为硝酸盐,硝酸盐 After a variety of nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil, a series of physical, chemical and biological changes take place. Part of the ammonia or ammonium salts applied may be trapped by the soil mineral lattice to reduce effectiveness, some of which may be lost to volatilization, while most of the substitutional ions are sorbed in the soil, which is bound to the soil Of the biological role, in addition to being absorbed by the crop, some are assimilated by soil microorganisms and known as biological fixation, part of the use of nitrifying bacteria as energy is converted to nitrate, nitrate