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选择攀枝花市部分地区的Landsat5TM(1988年)和Landsat7ETM+(1999年)遥感数据,通过遥感图像信息挖掘,提取植被覆盖度、沟谷分布、土地利用现状及土壤成土母质等信息,结合地形数据等水土流失因子;利用地理信息系统强大的空间分析功能,获取水土流失信息进行统计分析,对研究区水土流失的强度等级以及动态变化进行分析评价。研究表明,水土流失变化主要发生于植被覆盖不良的荒地和坡耕地上,其中坡耕地水土流失变得最严重,大部分为强度及强度以上级别水土流失区。从地貌上看,水土流失变化主要发生在低山、丘陵地区,这些地区人类活动频繁,植被破坏严重,大量开垦耕地,有利于水土流失发生。从岩类上看,半胶结砂岩、粘土岩岩组和紫红色泥岩、砂岩、页岩岩组分布区,由于多开垦为耕地,抗蚀能力弱,且多未实施保水保土措施,因此是水土流失严重的地区。
Landsat5TM (1988) and Landsat7ETM + (1999) remote sensing data were selected in some areas of Panzhihua City. Based on remote sensing image information mining, vegetation coverage, valley distribution, land use status and soil parent material were extracted. According to topographic data, Using the powerful spatial analysis function of GIS to obtain the information of soil and water loss for statistical analysis, the intensity level and dynamic change of soil and water loss in the study area are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the soil and water loss mainly occurs in the wasteland and sloping farmlands with poor vegetation cover. Soil and water loss becomes the most serious in slope farmland, mostly in the soil erosion areas above the strength and strength. In terms of geomorphology, the change of soil and water loss occurs mainly in low mountains and hilly areas. These areas have frequent human activities, serious vegetation damage and extensive reclamation of cultivated land, which is good for soil erosion. From the point of view of rock type, semi-cemented sandstone, clay rock group and purple mudstone, sandstone, shale group distribution area, due to the reclamation of cultivated land, weak corrosion resistance, and more than the implementation of water and soil conservation measures, it is Severe soil erosion areas.