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20世纪末以来,人类对基因的认识逐渐深入。细胞是构成生命体的基本单位,生命关键的基础在于蛋白质与蛋白质、蛋白质与核酸的相互作用,而生物大分子的结构与功能的联系正是生命“活”的本质所在。细胞所有的生理活动都是通过蛋白质来完成的,而蛋白质又是基因的直接产物。凭借基因工程,人们可以克隆获得天然的或任意设计的核酸序列,可以大量获得过去难以得到的生物体内极微量的活性蛋白质、可以设计获得任意定点突变的基因和蛋白质,这就为研究蛋白质与核酸的结构与功能、揭露生命的本质提供了很有力的手段。因此,基因诊断、
Since the late 20th century, human understanding of genes gradually deepened. Cell is the basic unit of living body. The key of life lies in the interaction between protein and protein, protein and nucleic acid. The relationship between structure and function of biological macromolecule is exactly the essence of life. All physiological activities of the cell are done through the protein, which is the direct product of the gene. With genetic engineering, one can clone natural or arbitrarily designed nucleic acid sequences to obtain large amounts of active proteins in the past inaccessible organisms. Genes and proteins can be designed to obtain arbitrary site-directed mutagenesis, The structure and function, to expose the nature of life provides a powerful tool. Therefore, genetic diagnosis,