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FcRn(neonatal Fc receptor)是介导IgG穿越胎盘的特异性受体,其基因定位于人第19号染色体,编码与MHCⅠ类同源且结构极为类似的α链糖蛋白,与β_2微球蛋白(β_2m)结合为异二聚体后,再以双体形式与IgG单体Fc段CH_2-CH_3区特异性结合,介导IgG主动穿越胎盘。这对于寻求给予胎儿特定的被动免疫力和给予抗原刺激胎儿产生主动免疫具有重要的应用价值。
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a specific receptor that mediates the translocation of IgG through the placenta. Its gene is located on human chromosome 19 and encodes an α-chain glycoprotein homologous to MHC class Ⅰ and closely related to β 2 microglobulin β_2m) binds to heterodimer, and then specifically binds to the CH_2-CH_3 region of the Fc region of IgG monomer in the form of a double body, so that the IgG actively crosses the placenta. This is of great value in seeking to give the fetus a specific passive immunity and giving the fetus with an antigen to stimulate active immunization.