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目的调查分析深圳市某大型企业流行性感冒(流感)暴发的原因和特点以及流感实验室监测的结果,为流感暴发疫情的监测和控制提供科学依据。方法对流感样病例(ILI)进行流行病学调查,采集患者咽拭子进行进行胶体金法初筛试验和荧光定量RT-PCR检测、流感病毒分离和鉴定。病毒分离采用鸡胚法和犬肾传代细胞(MDCK)法,病毒鉴定采用常量半加敏抑制试验(HI),抗体测定采用微量半加敏抑制试验。结果ILI总罹患率为1.05%,以二分厂罹患率较高,女性罹患率远高于男性,发病年龄以15～岁组居多。从15份咽拭子样品中经荧光定量RT-PCR方法检出15份A型流感病毒核酸阳性,1份H3亚型流感病毒核酸阳性。培养分离鉴定出2株H3N2亚型流感病毒。经血凝抑制试验检测H3亚型流感抗体,9份急性期和恢复期血清(均来自同一患者)抗体滴度呈4倍以上增长。结论该起暴发疫情由H3N2亚型流感病毒引起,加强暴发疫情的病原学监测对控制疫情有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the causes and characteristics of the outbreak of influenza (influenza) in a large enterprise in Shenzhen and the results of influenza laboratory surveillance so as to provide a scientific basis for the monitoring and control of influenza outbreak. Methods Epidemiological investigation of influenza-like cases (ILI) was performed. Throat swabs were collected for colony gold screening test, fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR assay and influenza virus isolation and identification. Viruses were isolated by chicken embryo method and canine kidney passage cells (MDCK) method. The virus was identified by semi-sensitive inhibition assay (HI) and micro-sensitivity test. Results The total attack rate of ILI was 1.05%. The prevalence of ILI was higher in the second branch. The prevalence of the female was much higher than that of the male. The onset age was mostly in the group of 15 ~ years. Fifteen samples of throat swab samples were positive for influenza A virus by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and 15 samples were positive for one copy of influenza H3 virus. Two strains of H3N2 subtype influenza virus were identified by culturing. The antibody titer of the H3 subtype was detected by the hemagglutination inhibition test, and the antibody titers of the 9 acute and convalescent sera (both from the same patient) increased more than 4 times. Conclusion The outbreak was caused by the H3N2 subtype influenza virus and the etiological monitoring of the outbreak was of great significance in controlling the epidemic.