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百合是世界四大切花之一,远距离冷藏运输后易出现叶片黄化等现象,严重影响切花品质,是百合鲜切花生产和采后流通亟待解决的关键问题。试验于2014年8月在华中农业大学园林系采后实验室进行。以东方百合‘西伯利亚’(Lilium Oriental Hybrid‘Siberia’)的切花为试材,取自昆明芊卉种苗有限公司基地,每支切花带有3个花蕾,按照商业标准采收,冷藏并空运至武汉。将花枝基部剪斜口,保留花枝长度60cm,叶片15枚,处理时开花级数为2级(花蕾开始转色,但还未充分膨胀和显色)。试验条件:温度20~23℃,相对空气湿度约70%,白炽灯光强度10μmol·m-2·s-1,每日光照12h。复配剂采用GA4+7和6-BA,设计了以25mg·L-1,50mg·L-1浓度的复配剂叶面喷施各一次和2.5mg·L-1,5mg·L-1浓度的复配剂花枝下部浸泡各30min,共4个处理,以清水瓶插为对照。从处理瓶插日起,每隔2d对叶片黄化率(叶面积的30%以上发生黄化视为黄化,黄化叶片数与总叶片数的比率即为黄化率)、脱落率、花期(第1朵花花蕾顶部开裂至第3朵花萎焉)等形态指标进行检测。采用LICOR6400光合仪对花枝中部叶片的光合指标进行测定(8:00am~18:00pm,每隔2h观测一次),包括净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率。每个处理组8支切花,每次测定3个重复,数据统计采用SPSS13进行ANOVA显著性分析。研究结果 :4种处理均能不同程度的延长切花瓶插寿命,其中叶面喷施25mg·L-1浓度复配剂的花期可达14d,比对照组延长2.8d。4种处理均能明显改善叶片的黄化和脱落现象,效果依次为喷施50mg·L-1>喷施25mg·L-1>浸泡5mg·L-1>浸泡2.5mg·L-1。在处理后瓶插第15d,对照组的叶片黄化率、脱落率已分别达到100%和63.36%,而喷施50mg·L-1处理组仅为0和22.58%。对切花进行光合指标测定表明,处理组能增加瓶插期间尤其是开花末期叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率;在处理后瓶插第13d,对照组的净光合速率已显著降低,而处理组变化均较为平缓。结果表明:GA4+7和6-BA复合剂能延缓叶绿素的降解,通过对切花百合叶片品质的保持促进更多光合产物向花朵运输从而延长花期。喷施处理优于浸泡处理,但是喷施50mg·L-1高浓度的复配剂会引发瓶插后期花瓣边缘褐化症状,因此,建议在生产中采用叶面喷施25mg·L-1复配剂来提高百合切花品质。
Lily is one of the four major cut flowers in the world. It is easy to appear leaf yellowing after long-distance refrigerated transportation, which seriously affects the quality of cut flowers. Lily is the key issue to be solved urgently to solve the problem of lily cut flowers production and post-harvest circulation. The experiment was conducted at the Post-harvest Laboratory of Landscape Architecture Department of Huazhong Agricultural University in August 2014. The cut flowers of Lilium Oriental Hybrid ’Siberia’ were taken from the base of Kunming Xun Hui Seed Co., Ltd. Each flower was cut with 3 buds, collected according to commercial standards, refrigerated and air-fed Wuhan. Cut the base of the flowering branch oblique mouth, retaining the flowering branch length 60cm, leaves 15, the flowering process when the grade 2 (buds began to change color, but not yet fully expanded and color). Test conditions: temperature 20 ~ 23 ℃, relative humidity of about 70%, incandescent light intensity 10μmol · m-2 · s-1, daily light 12h. With GA4 + 7 and 6-BA, the compounding agent was designed to foliar spray at 25mg · L-1, 50mg · L-1 and 2.5mg · L-1, 5mg · L-1 Concentration of the mixture of the lower part of the flower squid soaking 30min, a total of four treatment, water bottle inserted as a control. From the day after the treatment bottle inserted, the leaf yellowing rate (leaf area more than 30% yellowing is yellowing, the ratio of the number of yellow leaves to the total number of leaves is the yellowing rate) every 2 days, the rate of shedding, Flowering (the first flower buds cracked to the third flower wilted Yan) and other morphological indicators were detected. The photosynthetic indexes of middle leaves of flowering branches were measured by LICOR6400 photosynthesis system (8:00 am ~ 18:00 pm, observed every 2 hours), including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate. Each treatment group 8 cut flowers, each measured 3 replicates, data statistics using SPSS13 significant ANOVA analysis. The results showed that the four treatments could prolong the vase life in different degrees. The florescence of spraying 25mg · L-1 foliar spray could reach 14 days, which was 2.8 days longer than the control group. The four treatments could significantly improve the yellowing and shedding of leaves, with the effects of spraying 50mg · L-1> spraying 25mg · L-1> soaking 5mg · L-1> 2.5mg · L-1. At the 15th day after treatment, the leaf etiolation rate and shedding rate of the control group reached 100% and 63.36% respectively, while those of the control group were only 0 and 22.58% when the spraying 50mg · L-1 treatment group. The photosynthetic indexes of cut flowers showed that the treatment group could increase the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate during the vase, especially at the late flowering stage. After the vase inserted on the 13th day, the net photosynthesis The rate has been significantly reduced, while the treatment group changes are more moderate. The results showed that GA4 + 7 and 6-BA could retard the degradation of chlorophyll, and prolonged the flowering period by maintaining the quality of cut lily leaves and promoting more photosynthetic products to the flowers. Spraying treatment was better than soaking treatment, but sprayed with high concentration of 50mg · L-1 compound would cause the petal edge browning after bottle insertion. Therefore, foliar spraying 25mg · L-1 Dosage to improve lily cut flower quality.