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1964年9月,湖南城市社会主义教育运动开始在湘潭市试点。试点中遇到一个带普遍性的问题,这就是1956年对资本主义工商业进行社会主义改造的高潮中,不适当地把某些行业中的手工业作坊和小商店等列入了公私合营范围,从而把一些自己从事劳动,依靠劳动收入为生活之全部或主要来源的小商、小贩、小手工业者和其他劳动者带入了公私
In September 1964, the Hunan Socialist Education Movement began its pilot project in Xiangtan City. In the culmination of the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in 1956, the pilot encountered a problem of a general character. It inappropriately included handicraft workshops and small shops in some industries in the scope of public-private partnerships so that Some small businesses, hawkers, handicraftsmen and other laborers who work on their own, relying on labor income for all or the major source of their livelihood,