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为了给河南黄河鲤鱼的遗传资源提供较为准确的基础数据,对其种质资源进行保护和利用,研究利用微卫星标记技术,以河南黄河鲤鱼的人工养殖群体和野生群体为试验对象,对黄河鲤鱼进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:两个黄河鲤鱼群体在6个微卫星位点上均检测出16个等位基因。人工养殖和野生鲤鱼群体平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为2.350和2.085。对人工养殖群体、野生群体和将两个群体混合进行计算分析后,各群体的无偏观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.614,0.576和0.601,无偏期望杂合度(He)分别为0.569,0.535和0.559;多态信息含量(PIC)的平均值分别为0.474,0.428和0.468,6个位点的PIC为0.304~0.864。对两个不同鲤鱼群体的6个微卫星位点的遗传分化分析结果显示,除了微卫星位点HLJ483上的遗传分化系数(Fst)大于0.05外,其余位点的Fst均小于0.05,符合种群间无遗传分化的标准(Fst=0~0.05),6个位点Fst的平均值为0.02,各个位点基因流(Nm)均大于1,其平均值为12.202。说明本研究采用的两个黄河鲤鱼群体的遗传多样性较为丰富,其遗传种质资源目前尚处于安全状态。
In order to provide more accurate basic data for the genetic resources of Yellow River carp in Henan and to protect and utilize its germplasm resources, the microsatellite markers were used to study the artificial breeding populations and wild populations of Carp in the Yellow River in Henan Province. Genetic diversity analysis. The results showed that six alleles were detected in six microsatellite loci in two Yellow River carp populations. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) for both cultured and wild carp populations was 2.350 and 2.085, respectively. After analyzing and comparing the artificial breeding population, the wild population and the two populations, the unobserved heterozygosities (Ho) of each population were 0.614, 0.576 and 0.601 respectively, and the unbiased expected heterozygosities (He) were 0.569 and 0.535 And 0.559, respectively. The average PIC of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.474, 0.428 and 0.468, PIC of 6 loci was 0.304 ~ 0.864. The results of genetic differentiation analysis of six microsatellite loci in two different carp populations showed that except for the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of microsatellite locus HLJ483 greater than 0.05, the Fst values of other loci were less than 0.05, No genetic differentiation (Fst = 0 ~ 0.05). The average of Fst at 6 loci was 0.02, and the gene flow (Nm) at each locus was greater than 1, with an average value of 12.202. This indicates that the genetic diversity of two Yellow River carp populations used in this study is rather rich, and the genetic germplasm resources are still in a safe state.