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冷战结束,尤其是“9·11”事件后,美国的防务承包呈现出业务范围扩展、业务量激增等特点。防务承包的发展,有着复杂的思想根源、时代背景与经济政治动机。从经济学特性来看,防务承包是在“追求效率”原则的驱动下“委托一代理”理论在国防领域中的运用;从政治学特性来看,防务承包的兴起仅仅体现了国家暴力代理权从军事部门到社会机构的转移,并未动摇政府对国防事务的最高控制权。防务承包商更深的介入国防代理,客观上动摇了军方的垄断地位。政府无法避免防务承包与生俱来的“道德风险”所造成的负面影响,但通过政府主导的规范行为,防务承包可以有效规避其弊端,获得进一步发展的空间。
After the Cold War ended, especially after the “9.11” incident, U.S. defense contracting showed the characteristics of expanding its business scope and surging business volume. The development of defense contracting has complicated ideological roots, background of the times and economic and political motives. From the perspective of economics, defense contracting is driven by the principle of “pursuing efficiency” and the application of “principal-agent theory” in the field of national defense. From the perspective of political science, the rise of defense contracting shows only The transfer of the proxy of state violence from the military to the social institutions has not shaken the government’s supreme control over the country’s defense affairs. Defense contractors more deeply involved in the defense agents, objectively shaken the monopoly position of the military. The government can not avoid the negative influence caused by “moral hazard” inherent in defense contracting. However, through government-led normative behavior, defense contracting can effectively avoid its shortcomings and gain room for further development.