后现代史学提出历史是各种形式的文本,用语言重建的过去都掺有意识形态,无法反映出事物的真相。此说法具有一定的合理性,但又存在着片面性和绝对化倾向。从存在历史学角度而言,史料与其他文本存在着差异。从本体历史学和应用历史学角度而言,史料与其他文本之间又存在着共同之处。所以“历史都是文本”包含两层含义:一指历史可以用各种形式的文本来表现;二指历史学家利用文本来进行研究的方法。 Postmodern historiography proposes that history is a variety of forms of text, and that the past reconstructed with language has been mixed with ideology and can not reflect the truth of things. This argument has some rationality, but there is one-sidedness and absolute tendencies. From the perspective of existential history, there are differences between historical materials and other texts. From the perspective of ontology and applied history, there is something in common with other texts. So “History is all text” contains two meanings: One means that history can be expressed in various forms of text; and second refers to the way in which historians use texts for research.