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目的:观察长期吸入船用涂料释放气体对舰艇官兵呼吸道和肺功能的影响。方法:选择某舰艇官兵60例为观察组,另选择岸勤官兵60例为对照组。采用自制调查问卷、肺功能测定及支气管舒张试验调查,并比较两组官兵呼吸道和肺功能状况。结果:观察组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、胸闷等呼吸道症状阳性率及慢性支气管炎发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、1秒率(FEV1/FVC)、最大自主通气量(MVV)、呼气峰值流量(PEF)、最大中期流速(FFF25%~75%)、用力呼出25%、50%、75%肺活量时瞬间呼气流量(FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%)等指标异常率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组舒张试验阳性12例(20.0%),显著高于对照组的3例(5.0%)(P<0.05);观察组FEV1改善率、FEV1增加值均非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:长期吸入船用涂料释放气体对舰艇官兵呼吸道及肺功能有较大影响,应加强劳动保护。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of long-term inhalation of marine coatings on the airway and lung function of naval officers and soldiers. Methods: Sixty cases of a warship officer were selected as the observation group, and 60 officers and soldiers of the shore army were selected as the control group. Self-made questionnaires, pulmonary function tests and bronchodilation were used to investigate the respiratory and pulmonary function of the two groups. Results: The positive rate of respiratory symptoms and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05), such as cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and chest tightness. FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, MVV, PEF and FFF25% of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The rate of abnormal expiratory flow (FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%) in exhaled 25%, 50%, 75% vital capacity was significantly higher than that in the control group. 12 cases (20.0%) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (5.0%) (P <0.05). The improvement rates of FEV1 and FEV1 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01) ). Conclusion: Long-term inhalation of marine paint release gas has a greater impact on airway and lung function of naval officers and men and labor protection should be strengthened.